Artificial restoration technology of degraded vegetation in sandy land
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图 2 Introduction of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica to Corethrodendron fruticosum var. mongolicum (Turczaninow) Turczaninow ex Kitagawa forest
(Nanshaliang, 2017)
表 1 Topographical conditions
Elevation Topography Slope gradient Slope direction Slope position □ < 100 m ■ Flat lands ■ Flat (0-5%) □ Sunny □ Up □ 101-500 m □ Hillside ■ Gentle (6-15%) □ Shady □ Middle ■ 501-1, 000 m □ Hilly slopes □ Slope (16-25%) □ Half-sunny □ Down ■ 1, 001-1, 500 m □ Slopes □ Steep (26-35%) □ Half-shady ■ 1, 501-2, 000 m □ Valley floor □ 2, 001-2, 500 m ■ Sand dunes □ 2501-3, 000 m ■ Flat sandy land □ Cultivated land that slopes gently 
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表 2 Soil condition
Soil types Soil texture Effective soil layer thickness Organic matter content of surface soils Soil hardness Soil gravel content ■ Aeolian sandy soil ■ Sandy soil □ 0-20 cm □ High (> 3%) □High ■ Light gravelly soil (1-5%) □ Calcium chestnut soil ■ Sandy loamy soil ■ 20-50 cm □ Medium (1-3%) □ Medium □ Medium gravelly soil (5-10%) □ Brown calcium soil □ Loamy soil □ 50-100 cm ■ Low (< 1%) ■ Low □ Gravelly soil (10-30%) □ Cinnamon soil □Clay □ 100-200 cm □ Light gravel (30-50%) □ Saline-alkali soil □ > 200 cm □ Medium gravel (50-70%) □ Others: □ Heavy gravel soil (> 70%)
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表 3 Vegetation status
Vegetation types Community coverage Vegetation degradation status □ Planted forest: (what kind of community) □ < 5% □ Light □ Sandy vegetation: (what kind of community) □ 5-15% ■ Moderate □ Bush: (what kind of community) ■ 15-25% ■ Severe □ Grassland: (what kind of community) ■ 25-40% ■ Artificial forest with dead treetops □ Meadow: (what kind of community) □ > 40% ■ Artificial forest with dead trees □ Others:
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表 5 For specific technologies, please fill in the relevant information by selecting the technology category below.
Technological flow The main points of the technology Time (season or month) 1. Technical measures: cutting and rejuvenation; introduction of appropriate coniferous and broad-leaved tree species. cutting and rejuvenation: strength of cutting, stubble height. Species introduction: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv., Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc., Pinus banksiana Lamb, etc. Spring, rainy season 2. Land preparation: hole-shaped land preparation. Planting while digging. Rainy season 3. Density, configuration, planting pit specifications: afforestation density: trees 2m × 4m afforestation configuration: patchy clumps. Planting pit specifications: tree container seedlings, 30m × 30cm × 40cm. Afforestation: Patchy clump afforestation.
Cutting and rejuvenation: Keep the cutting surface smooth, prevent splitting, do not leave dead stubble. Do not cut only large and thick branches, leaving thin and small branches, otherwise, it will affect the sprouting and drawing the following year.Silviculture: rainy season flat crop: spring, winter. 4. Seedling requirements: container seedlings 30-50cm Grade II or higher grade seedlings, free from disease and insect damage, with full top buds of conifers. Rainy season 5. Planting: Planting while digging. Remove plastic containers from container seedlings for planting and trample them down. Rainy season 6. Nurturing management: grazing ban, replanting The project area is fenced; grazing is prohibited for 3 years. 7. Others
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表 6
Labour costs 750~1, 500RMB/ha Cost of materials 2, 250~3, 000 RMB/ha Water cost (if irrigation was required) Rain Fed Total cost 3, 000 ~4, 500RMB/ha
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