Restoration technology of moderate salinized grassland in Bashang Plateau
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图 1 Technical implementation reference group photos
(Photo taken on August 23, 2020, Li Qing, Angurzhuo Wetland, Zhangbei County)
图 2 Photos, 10 years after the technology implementation
(Photo taken on August 23, 2022, Li Qing, Angurzhuo Wetland, Zhangbei County)
表 1 Give a few answers, and choose up to five
√Improve the biological power of the vegetation √Reduce, prevent, and restore degraded land √Improve or protect the soil √Protect or restore ecosystems √To maintain / enhance biodiversity Reduce the risk of disasters (e. g. drought, droughts, floods, sandstorms, etc.) Adaptation to climate change and its effects (e. g., enhanced resilience to drought and warming) Mitigating climate change and its impacts (e. g. increased carbon sink capacity) Generduce economic benefits (e. g. increased income) Genering social benefits (e. g. reducing the consumption of natural resources and reducing poverty) Other uses (detailed description): ………………………………………………………………… 
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表 2
Semi-fixed sand Flow sand Sand grassland Salted grassland Activated wind erosion pit Degradation of woodland Sand cultivated land else
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表 3
climatic province: Middle-temperate continental monsoon climate average annual precipitation /mm 300~450 Annual annual evaporation rate / mm 1600-2000 Annual temperature / ℃ 2.1~4.1 maximum air temperature /℃ 36.1~36.7 minimum air temperature /℃ -39.9~-34.3 Average annual wind speed / m / s 3.2~3.6 Note: Precipitation, evaporation, air temperature and wind speed in the table are calculated according to the mean value of national weather stations from 1980 to 2010.
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表 4 County, township or climate area, and give the longitude and latitude of the application location of the project.
To the province County (flag) The township climatic province longitude latitude height /m Hebei Province Zhangbei County Big west bay Middle-temperate continental monsoon climate 114.386 41.323 1311
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表 5 Terrain and landform conditions
height landform mean inclination aspect Slope < 100 m √ level the land √Flat slope (0-5%) √ adret √Upper slope 101-500 m hillside Slow slope (6-15%) √ Schattenseite √Middle slope 501-1, 000 m Downs slope Slope (16-25%) √Admito half Yang slope √Down slope √ 1, 001-1, 500 m hillside fields Sharp slope (26-35%) √Vacation half Yin slope √ 1, 501-2, 000 m √ valley bottom 2, 001-2, 500 m sand dune 2501-3, 000 m Flat sand Flat arable land
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表 6 Edaphic condition
agrotype soil texture Effective soil thickness Organic matter content of the topsoil soil hardness Soil gravel content aeolian sandy soil sandy soil √ 0-20 cm √High level (> 3%) √ tall √Less gravel soil (1-5%) chestnut soil sandy loam √ 20-50 cm √Medium size (1-3%) √ centre √Medium-gravel soil (5-10%) calcic brown soil √ doras √ 50-100 cm √Low (< 1%) √ low √Multi-gravel soil (10-30%) cinnamon soil √ clay √ 100-200 cm Light gravel soil (30-50%) √ saline-alkali soil > 200 cm Medium-gravel soil (50-70%) else: Heavy gravel soil (> 70%)
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表 7 Vegetation condition
vegetation form Community coverage Vegetation degradation Artificial forest: (what kind of plantation) √ < 5% √Mild degeneracy of the uterus Sand vegetation: (what community) √ 5-15% √Moderate degeneration of the uterus Tuft: (What community) √ 15-25% √Severe involution of oneself √Grassland: sheep grass, grass, needle grass, white lotus wormwood (what kind of community) √ 25-40% Artificial forest has dry shoot phenomenon √Meadow: grass, vegetables, splendens, reed (what kind of community) √ > 40% The plantation has the death phenomenon else:
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表 8 Groundwater condition
The average buried depth √ < 1 m √ 3-5 m √ > 10 m √ 1-3 m √ 5-10 m
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表 9 For specific technologies, please select and fill in the relevant technical information according to the following technical categories.
sport technique segment technical essential Implementation of the season / month 1. Land preparation Land preparation: eradicating and leveling splendens splendens;
The val of splendens splendens: if there is splendens, use a small excavator to dig out splendens, try not to destroy the soil and original vegetation, and transport it to the designated place for treatment;
Flat: excavate some salinization areas for salinization drainage, and level other areas;
Other requirements: None.May to June, completed before early summer 2. Soil improvement Improvement method: chemical improvement;
Type of modifier: desulfurized gypsum;
Quantity of amendments applied: not less than 100 kg / mu;
Other requirements: soil amendments should be applied on saline land with salt content above 0.3%, and the amount of amendments shall increase with the increase of salinity; soil amendments should be conducted simultaneously with soil preparation.May to June, completed before early summer 3. Apply fat Type of bottom fertilizer: organic fertilizer;
Application quantity: 10 kg / mu;
Other requirements: None.June to July 4. Sowing Plant species: choose the seeds with strong adaptability forage grass, it is best to adapt to the varieties with salt, cold, drought and long utilization life growing on the dam, especially the local wild forage grass or good forage grass cultivated by training. To alkali grass, alkali peng and other grass mixed sowing or alkali grass, alkali peng single supplementary sowing.
Seed requirements: it is required to meet the third-level standards stipulated by the state (seed purity and germination rate are GB 6142-1985). All forage seeds with broken awn, selected and quantitative packaging (the seed quality inspection report issued by the provincial seed quality inspection department is required).
Sowing method: using re-sowing and fertilization integrated machine for no-tillage strip sowing.
Sowing amount: the sowing amount per mu is not less than 1.5 kg.
Mixed broadcast ratio: alkali MAO: alkali peng =1:1;
The sowing ratio can be adjusted appropriately according to the degree of salt and alkali.
Sowing depth: The sowing depth is between 1.0-5.0cm.
Fertilization requirements: base fertilizer application of organic fertilizer, topdressing the use of biological bacteria fertilizer. The products must meet the national quality and technical standards, and the production shall not be made with the old for the new, and the base fertilizer and grass seed are mixed with the grass seed. Generally, the topdressing is green in spring, branching period, current bud period, and the total amount of spreading or foliar spraying is not less than 10 kg / mu.June-July 5. Field management Enclosure: with, high standard molded fence / barbed wire fence (with or without)
Fertilization situation: yes, topdressing fertilizer is used with biological bacteria fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer per mu is not less than 5 kg (with or without, fertilizer type, fertilizer quantity, etc.)
Supplementary sowing situation: some, summer bare patches to strengthen the supplementary sowing.
Pest control: after forage grass sowing, strengthen field management, timely control diseases and pests. For pest control, high efficiency, low toxicity, economic and safe cypermethrin, and D botox are generally used for rodent control. The use of secondary poisoning and serious environmental pollution is strictly prohibited.annual 6 Other
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表 10
labour cost 825 yuan / ha Mechanical cost RMB 6, 375 yuan / ha cost of material 4, 290 yuan / ha Water cost (if irrigation is required) 0Yuan / ha total cost RMB 11, 490 yuan / ha
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