Restoration technology of degraded poplar plantation
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图 1 Pictures before (2016) and after (2018) the technology implementation in a degraded poplar plantation in Xiaoertai Township, Zhangbei County
表 1
Climate zones Temperate semi-arid zone, temperate sub-humid zone Average annual precipitation/mm 350-450mm Average annual evaporation/mm 1400-1900mm Average annual temperature/℃ 3-5℃ Maximum temperature/℃ 17-22℃ Minimum temperature/℃ -13-19℃ Average annual wind speed/ m/s 4.3m/s Note: Precipitation, evaporation, air temperature and wind speed in the table are average values over the 1980-2010 period. The climatic data were obtained from local national weather stations. 
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表 2
Province County Township Climate zones Longitude Latitude Elevation/m Hebei Province Zhangbei County Xiaoertai Township North temperate semi-arid region 114.86°E 41.18°N 2128
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表 3 Topographical conditions
Elevation Topography Slope gradient Slope direction Slope position □ < 100 m ■ Flat lands ■ Flat (0-5%) □ Sunny □ Up □ 101-500 m □ Hillside □ Gentle (6-15%) □ Shady □ Middle □ 501-1, 000 m □ Hilly slopes □ Slope (16-25%) □ Half-sunny □ Down ■ 1, 001-1, 500 m □ Slopes □ Steep (26-35%) □ Half-shady ■ 1, 501-2, 000 m □ Valley floor □ 2, 001-2, 500 m □ Sand dunes □ 2501-3, 000 m □ Flat sandy land ■ Cultivated land that slopes gently
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表 4 Soil condition
Soil types Soil texture Effective soil layer thickness Organic matter content of surface soils Soil hardness Soil gravel content ■ Aeolian sandy soil □ Sandy soil □ 0-20 cm □ High (> 3%) □ High ■ Light gravelly soil(1-5%) ■ Calcium chestnut soil ■ Sandy loamy soil □ 20-50 cm ■ Medium (1-3%) ■ Medium ■ Medium gravelly soil(5-10%) □ Brown calcium soil □ Loamy soil □ 50-100 cm ■ Low (< 1%) ■ Low ■ Gravelly soil(10-30%) □ Cinnamon soil □ Clay ■ 100-200 cm □ Light gravel(30-50%) □ Saline-alkali soil ■ > 200 cm □ Medium gravel(50-70%) □ Others: □ Heavy gravel soil(> 70%)
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表 5 Vegetation status
Vegetation types Community coverage Vegetation degradation status ■ Planted forest: (Populus euphratica) □ < 5% ■ Light □ Sandy vegetation: (what kind of community) ■ 5-15% □ Moderate □ Bush: (what kind of community) ■ 15-25% □ Severe □ Grassland: (Temperate meadow grassland) □ 25-40% ■ Artificial forest with dead treetops □Meadow: (what kind of community) □ > 40% □ Artificial forest with dead trees □Others:
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表 7 For specific technologies, please fill in the relevant information by selecting the technology category below.
Technological flow The main points of the technology Season/month of implementation 1. Land preparation Hole preparation. Trees: 60 × 60 × 60 cm Shrubs: 30 × 30 × 30 cm Spring (April-May) 2. Pruning Manual pruning was carried out to avoid excessive competition in stands after density adjustment. The pruning starts from the base of the stubble, remove all extra branches. Strong trees with good site conditions, ideal height, and thickness can be pruned once for all. Less developed trees with poor site conditions could be pruned twice. The first time, only small branches at the base could be moved and kept the horizontal branches. Then, removed all lower horizontal branches in the following year after the new sprouts having new lateral branches elongated. 3. Selective felling Based on the analysis of the height and DBH (diameter at breast height) of the degraded stands, trees with poor growth situation were thinned to retain a reasonable density. 4. Regeneration and rejuvenation Coniferous species (e.g. pinus sylvestris) seedlings should be 100 cm high with soil balled roots. Shrub seedlings should be 0.4 cm in diameter with bare roots. Stand density after regeneration: 650-750 plants/hm2, coverage: 30-40% with shrub cover about 40%. For undegraded and lightly degraded stands, the main measure should be to strengthen the management and avoid human disturbance. Based on the thought of matching trees with site conditions, arbors such as poplar, elm, pinus sylvestris, larch, and shrubs such as Hippophae rhamnose, apricot, and Caragana microphylla could be replanted. Spring (May) 5. Nurturing management Enclosure to reserve native species tree species. 6. Others None Appendix or attachment (if there are relevant technical parameters indicators, you can add the schedule or annex information here)
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表 8
Labor cost: 1, 500 -2, 000 RMB / ha Machinery cost: 0 RMB /ha Material cost: 500-1500 RMB / ha Water cost (if irrigation was required): 0 Total cost: 2000-3500 RMB / ha
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