Juncao technology
-
-
1. 技术简介
在京津风沙源区不同立地条件的沙区,采用砧木培养、接穗选择、嵌芽接技术使用、早晚温棚保温保湿等技术,组装完成文冠果嫁接苗1年出圃的高效繁育技术,使良种苗繁育效率显著提高(时间上由常规嫁接苗2年出圃缩短到1年出圃;成本是常规嫁接苗的1/2、组培苗的1/10左右),可以为比较寒冷的北方沙区大批量提供优良的生态经济型文冠果良种资源。该技术适用于京津风沙源区半干旱沙区的文冠果栽培。
2. 技术适用条件
2.1 主要用途
提高植被生物量 减少、防止、恢复退化土地 保护生态系统 保持/提高生物多样性 减少灾害(例如干旱、洪水、沙尘暴等)的风险 ■ 适应气候变化及其影响(例如增强对干旱、增温的应变能力) 减缓气候变化及其影响(例如增加碳汇能力) ■ 产生经济效益(例如增加收入) ■ 产生社会效益(例如减少自然资源的消耗,减轻贫困) 其他用途(详细说明): ………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.2 技术适用的退化土地类型
■ 半固定沙地 流动沙地 沙化草地 盐碱化草地 活化风蚀坑 退化林地 ■ 沙化耕地 其它 2.3 技术适用的气候条件
气候区:温带半干旱区、干旱区、半湿润区
年降水量:100-950 mm
年蒸发量:1200-2400 mm
年均温:3-16 ℃
最高气温:40 ℃
最低气温:-30 ℃
年平均风速:2-6 m/s
2.4 技术模式原产地
县、乡或气候区,并给出本项目应用地点的经纬度。所属省份 所属县(旗) 所属村镇 气候区 经度 纬度 海拔/m 辽宁省 彰武县 黑坨子村 温带亚湿润区 122°34'12″E 42°22'48″N 220-240m 3. 技术适用的立地条件
地形地貌条件海拔 地形地貌 平均坡度 坡向 坡位 ■ < 100 m ■ 平地 ■ 平坡(0-5%) ■ 阳坡 ■ 坡上 ■ 101-500 m ■ 山坡 ■ 缓坡(6-15%) 阴坡 ■ 坡中 ■ 501-1, 000 m ■ 丘陵坡地 ■ 斜坡(16-25%) ■ 半阳坡 ■ 坡下 ■ 1, 001-1, 500 m ■ 坡地 陡坡(26-35%) ■ 半阴坡 ■1, 501-2, 000 m 谷底 2, 001-2, 500 m 沙丘 2501-3, 000 m ■ 平沙地 ■ 平缓耕地 土壤条件土壤类型 土壤质地 有效土层厚度 表层土壤有机质含量 土壤硬度 土壤砾石含量 ■ 风沙土 ■ 沙土 0-20 cm ■ 高(> 3%) 高 ■ 少砾质土(1-5%) 栗钙土 ■ 沙壤土 ■20-50 cm ■ 中等(1-3%) ■ 中 ■ 中砾质土(5-10%) 棕钙土 ■ 壤土 ■ 50-100 cm ■ 低(< 1%) ■ 低 ■ 多砾质土(10-30%) ■ 褐土 粘土 ■ 100-200 cm ■ 轻砾石土(30-50%) ■ 盐碱土 ■ > 200 cm ■ 中砾石土(50-70%) 其它: 重砾石土(> 70%) 植被状况植被类型 群落盖度 植被退化状况 ■ 人工林:(何种人工林) ■ < 5% ■ 轻度退化 ■ 沙生植被:(何种群落) ■ 5-15% ■ 中度退化 ■ 灌丛:(何种群落) 15-25% ■ 重度退化 草原:(何种群落) 25-40% ■ 人工林有干梢现象 草甸:(何种群落) > 40% 人工林有死亡现象 其它: 地下水状况平均埋深 < 1 m ■ 1-3 m ■ 3-5 m ■ 5-10 m ■ > 10 m 4. 技术内容
技术步骤 技术要点 时间(季节或月份) 1.砧木培养 精选文冠果优树成熟种子,筛选粒大饱满、无病虫害的种子做培养砧木的种子;选择地势高、排水良好、背风阴凉处沙藏种子;暖棚催芽,播种。 第1年9月份
第1年11月份
第2年3月份2.接穗选择 从已选出的生长健壮、无病虫害的良种母树上,剪取发育良好的当年生枝条作接穗。 第2年6月份 3.嵌芽接 待砧木地径大于0.5cm时,进行嫁接。 第2年6月份 4.剪砧 待嫁接成活,剪砧,促进接穗生长。 第2年7月份 5.促进木质化 施钾肥,尽量少浇水,促进木质化。 第2年8月份 6.早晚保温 确保过冬,进一步促进木质化。 第2年9月份 7.出圃 秋季造林。 第2年10月份 5. 技术成本
人工成本 2000元/亩 材料成本 500元/亩 水成本(如果需要灌溉) 500元/亩 总成本 3000元/亩 -
表 Give a few answers, and choose up to five
Improve vegetation biomass √ Reduce, prevent, and restore degraded land √ Improve or protect the soil √ Protect or restore ecosystems √ To maintain / enhance biodiversity Reduce the risk of disasters (e. g. drought, droughts, floods, sandstorms, etc.) Adaptation to climate change and its effects (e. g., enhanced resilience to drought and warming) Mitigating climate change and its impacts (e. g. increased carbon sink capacity) √ Generating economic benefits (e. g. increased income) Generating social benefits (e. g. reducing the consumption of natural resources and reducing poverty) Other uses (detailed description): ………………………………………………………………… 表
Main type of degradation Sub-type of degradation √ [W] Soil erosion by water [Wt] Loss of topsoil/surface erosion
[Wg] Gully erosion/gullying√ [E] Soil erosion by wind [Et] Loss of topsoil √ [C] Chemical soil deterioration [Cn] Fertility decline and reduced soil organic matter content √ [P] Physical soil deterioration [Pc] Compaction
[Pk] Slaking and crusting√ [B] Biological degradation [Bc] Reduction of vegetation cover
[Bq] Quantity/biomass decline√ [H] Water degradation [Ha] Aridification
[Hs] Change in quantity of surface water Else 表
Climatic province Temperate continental semiarid climate Specific annual precipitation /mm 155 Average annual precipitation /mm Average air temperature /℃ < 50 < -20 √ 50- 200 -20- 5 √ 200- 400 √ 5- 15 400- 800 √ 15- 25 800- 1,500 √ 25- 35 > 1,500 35- 45 > 45 表 Country, county/flag, township, and give the longitude and latitude of the application location of the project
Country County/flag Township Longitude° Latitude° Elevation / m China Alxa Left Banner 106.820000 39.670000 1099.0 表 Terrain and landform conditions
Elevation Landform Mean inclination Aspect Slope < 100 m Flatland √ Flat slope (0-5%) Sunny slope Upper slope 100-500 m Slope Gentle slope (6-15%) Shady slope Mid slope √ 500-1,000 m Hilly slope Moderate slope (16-25%) Semi-sunny slope Lower slope √ 1,000-1,500 m Sloping ground Steep slope (26-35%) Semi-shady slope 1,500-2,000 m Valley floor 2,000-2,500 m √ Sand dune 2500-3,000 m Sandy flat > 3000 m Gentle cultivated land 表 Edaphic condition
Soil type Soil texture Effective soil depth Topsoil organic matter content Soil hardness Stone content √ Aeolian soil √ Sandy √ 0-20 cm High (> 3%) High √ Low gravel content soil (1-5%) Chestnut Calcic soil Loamy sand 20-50 cm Medium (1-3%) Medium Moderate gravel content soil (5-10%) Brown Calcic soil Loam 50-100 cm √ Low (< 1%) √ Low High gravel content soil (10-30%) Luvisol Clay 100-200 cm Light gravel soil (30-50%) Saline-alkali soil > 200 cm Moderate gravel soil (50-70%) Else: Heavy gravel soil (> 70%) 表 Vegetation condition
Vegetation type Community cover Degradation status Artificial forest: () √ < 5% Slight degradation Sand vegetation: () 5-15% Moderate degradation Shrub land: () 15-25% √ Severe degradation √ Grassland: (e.g. Pennisetum giganteum) 25-40% Dry shoots phenomenon in artificial forest Meadow: () > 40% Mortality phenomenon in artificial forest √ Others: (cultivated land) 表 Groundwater condition
Average buried depth < 1 m 3-5 m √ > 10 m 1-3 m 5-10 m 表 Please select and fill in the relevant technical information according to the following technical classifications for specific technologies.
Technical link Key technical points Implementation season / month 1. Selection of Suitable Grass Specie It is critical to identify grass species that will thrive in drought conditions. These species need to be drought-resistant, fast-growing, and capable of surviving with minimal water. 2. Cultivation and Management The selected grasses are cultivated in nurseries before being transplanted to designated areas. Proper management practices, including regular watering (optimally through efficient methods like drip irrigation) and soil fertility management, are essential for their growth. 3. Mushroom Cultivation Once the grasses are established, they can be harvested and used as a substrate for mushroom cultivation. This provides a sustainable source of food and income, as mushrooms can be sold in local markets. 4. Soil Erosion Control Juncao grasses have dense root systems that help bind the soil, reducing erosion caused by wind and water. 5. Animal Fodder The grasses can also serve as fodder for livestock, providing an additional resource for local communities and helping to reduce pressure on natural vegetation. Schedule or attachment (with relevant technical parameters, add schedule or attachment information here) 表
Labour cost 700 USD / ha Cost of material 400 USD / ha Water cost (if irrigation is required) 100 USD / ha Total cost 1200 USD / ha -