Rapid restoration technology of moderately degraded grassland
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图 2
(Photo taken on August 27, 2022, Jiang Hongjun, north of Gaoshanbao Village, Gaoshanbao Township, Guyuan County)
图 4
(Photo taken on August 27, 2022, Jiang Hongjun, north of Gaoshanbao Village, Gaoshanbao Township, Guyuan County)
表 1 Give a few answers, and choose up to five
√Improve the biological power of the vegetation √Reduce, prevent, and restore degraded land √Improve or protect the soil √Protect or restore ecosystems √To maintain / enhance biodiversity Reduce the risk of disasters (e. g. drought, droughts, floods, sandstorms, etc.) Adaptation to climate change and its effects (e. g., enhanced resilience to drought and warming) Mitigating climate change and its impacts (e. g. increased carbon sink capacity) Generduce economic benefits (e. g. increased income) Generating social benefits (e. g. reducing the consumption of natural resources and reducing poverty) Other uses (detailed description): ………………………………………………………………… 
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表 2
Semi-fixed sand Flow sand √Adventitious sand grassland Salinized grass Activated wind erosion pit Degradation of woodland Sand cultivated land √Others: degraded grassland
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表 3
climatic province: Middle-temperate continental monsoon climate average annual precipitation /mm 300~450 Annual annual evaporation rate / mm 1600-2000 Annual temperature / ℃ 2.1~4.1 maximum air temperature /℃ 36.1~36.7 minimum air temperature /℃ -39.9~-34.3 Average annual wind speed / m / s 3.2~3.6 Note: Precipitation, evaporation, temperature and wind speed in the table are calculated according to the mean value of national weather stations from 1980 to 2010.
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表 4 County, township or climate area, and give the longitude and latitude of the application location of the project.
To the province County (flag) The township climatic province longitude latitude height /m Hebei Province Guyuan County Alpine castle Middle-temperate continental monsoon climate 115.548 41.747 1392
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表 5 Terrain and landform conditions
height landform mean inclination aspect Slope < 100 m √ level the land √Flat slope (0-5%) √ adret √Upper slope 101-500 m √ hillside √Slow slope (6-15%) √ Schattenseite √Middle slope 501-1, 000 m Adventitia hill slope Slope (16-25%) √Admito half Yang slope √Down slope √ 1, 001-1, 500 m √ hillside fields Sharp slope (26-35%) √Vacation half Yin slope √ 1, 501-2, 000 m √ valley bottom 2, 001-2, 500 m sand dune 2501-3, 000 m √Admito flat sand Flat arable land
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表 6 Edaphic condition
agrotype soil texture Effective soil thickness Organic matter content of the topsoil soil hardness Soil gravel content √ aeolian sandy soil √ sandy soil √ 0-20 cm √High level (> 3%) √ tall √Less gravel soil (1-5%) √ chestnut soil √ sandy loam √ 20-50 cm √Medium size (1-3%) √ centre √Medium-gravel soil (5-10%) √ calcic brown soil √ doras √ 50-100 cm √Low (< 1%) √ low √Multi-gravel soil (10-30%) √ cinnamon soil √ clay √ 100-200 cm Light gravel soil (30-50%) saline-alkali soil √ > 200 cm Medium-gravel soil (50-70%) else: Heavy gravel soil (> 70%)
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表 7 Vegetation condition
vegetation form Community coverage Vegetation degradation Artificial forest: (what kind of plantation) < 5% Mild degradation Sand vegetation: (what community) 5-15% √Moderate degeneration of the uterus Tuft: (What community) √ 15-25% Heavy degradation √Grassland: sheep grass, grass, needle grass, white lotus wormwood (what kind of community) 25-40% Artificial forest has dry shoot phenomenon Meadow: (What Community) > 40% The plantation has the death phenomenon else:
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表 8 Groundwater condition
The average buried depth √ < 1 m √ 3-5 m √ > 10 m √ 1-3 m √ 5-10 m
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表 9 For specific technologies, please select and fill in the relevant technical information according to the following technical categories.
sport technique segment technical essential Implementation of the season / month 1. Land preparation Land preparation: clearing, leveling and cutting of splendens splendens
Elimination of splendens: use small excavator for splendens, try not to destroy or destroy the soil and original vegetation of splendens, and transport it to the designated place for treatment.
Flat: level the trenches and mounds in the project area, and backfill the low-lying areas.
Turning depth: the depth of cutting should be determined according to the thickness of the turf, it is appropriate to cut the turf, generally 5-15cm.
Other requirements: it is recommended to use root cutting and fertilizer fertilization machine for mechanical operations, and strive to do not turning or less turning, root cutting and fertilization operation simultaneously.May to June, completed before early summer 2. Apply fat Type of bottom fertilizer: diammonium phosphate / biological bacterial fertilizer
Application quantity: 5 kg / mu
Other requirements: fertilizer should be applied into the soil, not on the surface of the grassland, and must ensure that the fertilizer particles are reasonably covered with soil.May-June 3. Sowing Plant species: select adaptable forage seeds, best adapted to cold, drought and long use life, especially local wild pasture or excellent forage grass cultivated by training; secondly, select forage grass with good palatability, high nutritional value and high yield; firstly, select grazing resistant forage or cutting grass according to the utilization characteristics of grazing grassland or mowing land. In the northern slopes and hilly areas, dry grassland chooses alkali grass, ice grass, alfalfa, ichograss, grass grass, ice grass, alfalfa, ice grass, grass grass, sheep grass and alkali grass, or alkali grass, ice grass and alfalfa.
Seed requirements: it is required to meet the third-level standards stipulated by the state (seed purity and germination rate are GB 6142-1985). All forage seeds with broken awn, selected and quantitative packaging (the seed quality inspection report issued by the provincial seed quality inspection department is required).
Sowing method: cutting and fertilizing machine / no-tillage seeder for no-tillage seeding.
Sowing amount: the sowing amount per mu is not less than 1.5 kg.
Mixed ratio: alkali: ice grass =1:1;
Ala: alkali =2:1;
Base grass: alfalfa: alkali grass =2:2:1;
Aline: grass: alfalfa =1:1:1.
Sowing depth: The sowing depth is between 1.0-5.0cm.
Fertilization requirements: base fertilizer to make diammonium phosphate / biological bacteria fertilizer, topdressing using nitrogen potassium fertilizer / biological bacteria fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogen content 30%, potassium content 15%. The product must meet the national quality and technical standards, and the production in the current year shall not be old with the new, the base fertilizer and grass seed mixed with the grass seed sowing; topdressing is generally conducted in spring, branching and bud, and topdressing is spreading or leaf spraying. The total fertilization amount of base fertilizer and topdressing shall not be less than 10 kg / mu.June-July 4. Field management Enclosure: with, barbed wire enclosure / high standard immersion guardrail net (with or without), management and protection must be a comprehensive ban on grazing.
Fertilization situation: use nitrogen and potash fertilizer for topdressing fertilizer / biological bacteria fertilizer, and apply fertilizer quantity is not less than 5 kg (with or without, fertilizer type, fertilizer quantity, etc.)
Supplementary sowing situation: some, summer bare patches to strengthen the supplementary sowing.
Pest control: after forage grass sowing, strengthen field management, timely control diseases and pests. For pest control, high efficiency, low toxicity, economic and safe cypermethrin, and D botox are generally used for rodent control. The use of secondary poisoning and serious environmental pollution is strictly prohibited.annual 5. Other
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表 10
labour cost 825 yuan / ha Mechanical cost RMB 6, 375 yuan / ha cost of material RMB 2, 640 yuan / ha Water cost (if irrigation is required) 0Yuan / ha total cost 9, 840 yuan / ha
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