Pharmacological control technology of Aphrophora flavipes Uhler of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in Horqin sandy land
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图 1 Landscape of a Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. plantation before the chemical control of the Aphrophora flavipes Uhler (June 2012)
(Houtuozi Experimental Area, Zhanggutai Town, Changwu County, Liaoning Province, 122°31'31.71″E, 42°45'5.55″N)
图 2 Landscape of Pinus sylvestris plantation after chemical control of the Aphrophora flavipes Uhler
(Injection control and fly control in 2012, sanitary felling in 2013, live photo in spring, 2015) (Houtuozi Experimental Area, Zhanggutai Town, Changwu County, Liaoning Province, 122°31'31.71″E, 42°45'5.55″N)
表 1
Climate zones Temperate semi-arid zone, temperate sub-humid zone Average annual precipitation/mm 250-650mm Average annual evaporation/mm 1000-1800mm Average annual temperature/℃ -6 to 9℃ Maximum temperature/℃ 40℃ Minimum temperature/℃ -40℃ Average annual wind speed/ m/s 2~4 m/s Note: Precipitation, evaporation, air temperature and wind speed in the table are average values over the 1980-2010 period. The climatic data were obtained from local national weather stations. 
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表 2 Basic information of the demonstration area
Province County Township Climate zones Longitude Latitude Elevation/m Liaoning Province Zhanwu County Zhanggutai Town Temperate sub-humid zone 122°33'38″E 42°43'02"N 224
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表 3 Topographical conditions
Elevation Topography Slope gradient Slope direction Slope position □ < 100 m □ Flat lands □ Flat (0-5%) □ Sunny □ Up ■ 101-500 m □ Hillside □ Gentle (6-15%) □ Shady □ Middle ■ 501-1, 000 m □ Hilly slopes □ Slope (16-25%) □ Half-sunny □ Down ■ 1, 001-1, 500 m □ Slopes □ Steep (26-35%) □ Half-shady □ 1, 501-2, 000 m □ Valley floor □ 2, 001-2, 500 m ■ Sand dunes □ 2501-3, 000 m ■ Flat sandy land □ Cultivated land that slopes gently
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表 4 Soil condition
Soil types Soil texture Effective soil layer thickness Organic matter content of surface soils Soil hardness Soil gravel content ■ Aeolian sandy soil ■ Sandy soil □ 0-20 cm □ High (> 3%) □High ■ Light gravelly soil (1-5%) □ Calcium chestnut soil ■ Sandy loamy soil ■ 20-50 cm □ Medium (1-3%) □ Medium □ Medium gravelly soil (5-10%) □ Brown calcium soil □ Loamy soil ■ 50-100 cm ■ Low (< 1%) ■ Low □ Gravelly soil (10-30%) □ Cinnamon soil □ Clay ■ 100-200 cm □ Light gravel (30-50%) □ Saline-alkali soil ■ > 200 cm □ Medium gravel (50-70%) □ Other: □ Heavy gravel soil (> 70%)
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表 5 Vegetation status
Vegetation types Community coverage Vegetation degradation status ■ Planted forests: (Pinus sylvestris Plantation) □ < 5% ■ Light □ Sandy vegetation: (what kind of community) □ 5-15% ■ Moderate □ Bush: (what kind of community) □ 15-25% ■ Severe □Grassland: (what kind of community) □ 25-40% ■ Artificial forest with dead treetops □Meadow: (what kind of community) ■ > 40% ■ Artificial forest with dead trees □Others:
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表 7 For specific technologies, please fill in the relevant information by selecting the technology category below.
Technological flow The main points of the technology Season / month of implementation 1. Agent selection nymph prevention & control: 5.7% deltamethrin of 1500 times and 0.5% bittersweet of 500 times for spray control; methamidophos for painting insecticide-ring and trunk injection.
Adult prevention & control: 2.5% deltamethrin of 2000 times for spray control; bittersweet-nicotine for smoke controlling.2. Prevention & control methods Spraying control: manual spraying, mechanical spraying, aircraft spraying. painting insecticide-ring: scrape a 5~6cm wide ring around the trunk of the tree at a height of 100~150cm from the ground, the ring should be scraped into a staggered semi-ring shape, only scraping the old bark, without hurting the cambium, and fulfill the ring with the liquid with a brush.
trunk injection control: drill 2~4 injection holes evenly around the trunk of the tree at about 1m in height above ground, with holes 5~10cm deep, inject the original solution into the holes with a syringe and seal them with yellow clay. Depending on the size of the tree, the injection volume is 5ml~15ml per plant. Smoking control: The smoke should be applied around sunrise and sunset when there is no wind. For other technical requirements, please refer to the product specification.The best time to prevent nymph is June and the best time to control adults is mid to late July. 3. Other requirements During the operation, it is advised to choose less toxic and non-polluting agents for prevention and control, and to inform the surrounding population in a timely manner.
After operation, depending on the damage to the forest stand, the dying and dead wood should be cut down in time.Schedules or annexes (if there are relevant technical parameters indicators, you can add the schedule or annex information here)
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表 8
Labour costs 100~500RMB/ha Machinery costs 100~500RMB/ha Cost of materials 100~200 RMB/ha Water cost (if irrigation was required) 0 RMB/ha Total cost 300~1, 200 RMB/ha
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