Density regulation techniques for lightly degraded and healthy Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in the Horqin sandy land
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图 1 A stand landscape of slightly degraded Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation before density regulation (2016) (Sanjiazi experimental area, Zhanggutai Town, Zhangwu County, Liaoning Province, 122°33′22″E, 42°41′17″N)
图 2 A stand landscape of slightly degraded Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation after density regulation (2017) (Sanjiazi experimental area, Zhanggutai Town, Zhangwu County, Liaoning Province, 122°33′22″E, 42°41′17″N)
表 1
Climate zones Temperate semi-arid zone, temperate sub-humid zone Average annual precipitation/mm 350-650mm Average annual evaporation/mm 1000-1800mm Average annual temperature/℃ 5 to 9℃ Maximum temperature/℃ 40℃ Minimum temperature/℃ -40℃ Average annual wind speed/ m/s 2~4 m/s Note: Precipitation, evaporation, air temperature and wind speed in the table are average values over the 1980-2010 period. The climatic data were obtained from local national weather stations. 
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表 2 Basic information of the demonstration area
Province County Township Climate zones Longitude Latitude Elevation/m Liaoning Province Zhanwu County Zhanggutai Town Temperate sub-humid zone 122°33'38″E 42°43'02"N 220
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表 3 Topographical conditions
Elevation Topography Slope gradient Slope direction Slope position □ < 100 m □ Flat lands □ Flat (0-5%) □ Sunny □ Up ■ 101-500 m □ Hillside □ Gentle (6-15%) □ Shady □ Middle ■ 501-1, 000 m □ Hilly slopes □ Slope (16-25%) □ Half-sunny □ Down ■ 1, 001-1, 500 m □ Slopes □ Steep (26-35%) □ Half-shady ■ 1, 501-2, 000 m □ Valley floor □ 2, 001-2, 500 m ■ Sand dunes □ 2501-3, 000 m ■ Flat sandy land □ Cultivated land that slopes gently
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表 4 Soil condition
Soil types Soil texture Effective soil layer thickness Organic matter content of surface soils Soil hardness Soil gravel content ■ Aeolian sandy soil ■ Sandy soil □ 0-20 cm □ High (> 3%) □ High ■ Light gravelly soil (1-5%) □ Calcium chestnut soil ■ Sandy loamy soil ■ 20-50 cm □ Medium (1-3%) □ Medium □ Medium gravelly soil (5-10) □ Brown calcium soil □ Loamy soil ■ 50-100 cm ■ Low (< 1%) ■ Low □ Gravelly soil (10-30%) □ Cinnamon soil □ Clay ■ 100-200 cm □ Light gravel (30-50%) □ Saline-alkali soil ■ > 200 cm □ Medium gravel (50-70%) □ Others: □ Heavy gravel soil (> 70%)
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表 5 Vegetation status
Vegetation types Community coverage Vegetation degradation status ■ Planted forests: (Pinus sylvestris Plantation) □ < 5% ■ Light □ Sandy vegetation: (what kind of community) □ 5-15% □ Moderate □ Bush: (what kind of community) □ 15-25% □ Severe □ Grassland: (what kind of community) □ 25-40% ■ Artificial forest with dead treetops □ Meadow: (what kind of community) ■ > 40% □ Artificial forest with dead trees □ Others:
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表 7 For specific technologies, please fill in the relevant information by selecting the technology category below.
Technical steps Technical points Season / month of implementation 1. Selective felling Intercepting ratio: The intercepting ratio is determined according to the density of the stand, with a density of 810-1100 plants hm-2 for 20-year stands, 450-570 plants hm-2 for 30-40-year stands and 450-570 plants hm-2 for > 40-year stands.
Work methods: manual, mechanical.
Interplanting methods: leave the healthy ones and remove the weak ones, and inter-row interplanting or inter-plant Interplanting as well.Winter Technical steps Technical points Winter 2. Others None Schedules or annexes (if there are relevant technical parameters indicators, you can add the schedule or annex information here)
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表 8
Labour costs 400 RMB/ha Machinery costs 500 RMB/ha Cost of materials 100 RMB/ha Water cost (if irrigation was required) 0.0 RMB/ha Total cost 1000 RMB/ha
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